• It has recently been reported that

  2024-01-12

  

  It has recently been reported that plasma and synovial fluid levels of autotaxin correlate with severity of knee OA. Synovial fibroblasts isolated from OA patients express significant amounts of autotaxin mRNA, and this increase in autotaxin b ng receptor could lead to increased production of LPA,

• br Resection of DNA ends The highly conserved MRN MRX

  2024-01-11

  

  Resection of DNA ends The highly conserved MRN/MRX complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 in metazoan; Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 in yeast) and the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer (hereafter referred to as Ku) are the first protein complexes to be recruited at DSBs [6]. The presence of Ku and MRN/MRX mediates the recruitment of

• Therefore the rational design of target

  2024-01-11

  

  Therefore, the rational design of target compounds is based on the hybrid of attractive phenotypic bis-indole (5, Fig. 1) and sulfonamide moieties, in which the indole core might anticipate in hydrophobic interaction, and the functionality of sulfonamide group may involve in H-bonding with the site

• Bioavailability has been defined as

  2024-01-11

  

  Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a drug given by any route, other than intravenously, that reaches general circulation and is available at the site of action [86]. The low bioavailability observed with the initial intravaginal devices (16%) was attributed to the melting point of the

• To clarify the molecular mechanism of maduramicin induced ap

  2024-01-11

  

  To clarify the molecular mechanism of maduramicin-induced apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells, the mRNA levels of bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome C, as well as the mRNA levels and activities of caspase-3/8/9 were determined. The mRNA expressions and activities of initiator casapase-9 and executioner ca

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2024-01-11

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• br Materials and method br Results br

  2024-01-11

  

  Materials and method Results Discussion Although several studies have showed the crude extracts of K. senegalensis possessed the anti-inflammatory and hypertensive activities (Olayinka et al., 1992). However, the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of its bioactive

• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgement This work

  2024-01-11

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant no. 6151001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31572516). Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is an important microorganism responsible for both clin

• br Method of literature search

  2024-01-11

  

  Method of literature search Disclosures Acknowledgment The authors thank and acknowledge Mrs. Jaini Parekh, BFA, for illustrating the diagram in Figure 1. An overview of angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a biological process through which there is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-

• MAPs require divalent transition metal

  2024-01-11

  

  MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for activity [21]. Previous studies on MAPs from different organisms indicate cobalt ions to be the most preferred divalent metal activator [22]. However, MAPs also exhibit activity with other divalent cations like Mn(II), Ca(II), Ni(II) or F

• Some of the earliest LOX inhibitors

  2024-01-11

  

  Some of the earliest 12-LOX inhibitors were redox inhibitors, including nordihydroguaiaretic (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate receptor (NDGA), BW 755C, and baicalein 48, 49, 50. Redox inhibitors block the oxidation of the nonheme iron at the cataylytic site, preventing its conversion from the inactiv

• br Antioxidative stress and anti

  2024-01-10

  

  Antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation Oxidative stress is a major cause of reduced endothelial NO bioavailability in hypertension, and inflammatory response is thought to play an important role in these processes (Blake and Ridker, 2001, Landmesser et al., 2006). Reactive oxygen species (ROS

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Clinical ge

  2024-01-10

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Clinical gene therapy trials with viral vectors have been in use for treatment of various genetic disorders and diseases, however efficacious, targetable and highly reliable non-viral delivery systems are needed for safe and long-term applications. De

• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting from accumulation

  2024-01-10

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• Of note core autophagy factors also play an

  2024-01-10

  

  Of note, core autophagy factors also play an important role during the infection of host cells by another type of picornavirus, namely, echovirus 7. ATG16L1 was found necessary for entry/internalization into Caco-2 polarized epithelial cells because the virus accumulated on the surface of ATG16L1-de

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