• br Acknowledgment br Introduction Positive

  2022-06-14

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction Positive and negative reinforcement are known as the two pivotal components in various models of drug dependence. Compulsive drug seeking behavior results from both the euphoric effects of drug use (positive reinforcement) and the unpleasant withdrawal signs followi

• By regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration glutamate

  2022-06-14

  

  By regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration, glutamate transporters play an important role in limiting glutamate signaling and controlling the activation of glutamate receptors (Rimmele and Rosenberg, 2016). Reduced glutamate transport is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of numerous neurol

• In the GLUT family glucose transporter

  2022-06-14

  

  In the GLUT family, glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) is primarily responsible for basal glucose uptake and maintenance of glucose basal metabolism in cells (Olson and Pessin, 1996). High GLUT1 expression occurred in various types of human cancers, like brain tumor, lung cancer and esophageal cancer (Nis

• EGTA To support maximal growth and metabolic function of

  2022-06-14

  

  To support maximal growth and metabolic function of major organs, glucose and EGTA are essential. We assessed the plasma levels of glucose and amino acids in LBW and NBW piglets at birth and at day 7 postpartum. Blood glucose levels were influenced by birthweight and age. In this study, the levels

• LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV d

  2022-06-14

  

  LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV-d-glucose complex (PDB entry 3IDH) [17] were superimposed from individual subunits. The active site regions revealed the key SecinH3 sale binding residues to be present for LbGlcK; also, the superposition showed that HsHxKIV had residues that were absent in LbGlcK, such as K1

• In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia a

  2022-06-14

  

  In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia (a risk factor for the development of vascular dysfunction) it has been shown that myoendothelial communication is enhanced due to increased expression of Cx37 and IK1 sigma receptor [], allowing the propagation of endothelial signals to VSMC and thereby dec

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-06-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Bgal from Alteromonas sp. ML117 had an open reading frame of 3126 bp encoding 1042 amino NU 1025 residues with a predicted mass of 120 kDa and a theoretical pI (isoelectric point) of 5.44. The recombinant Bgal contained a His tag, as well as other additional amin

• br Venous thromboembolism VTE is a rare

  2022-06-14

  

  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) . With modern chemoprophylaxis, the incidence of VTE after primary total hip (THA) or total knee (TKA) arthroplasty is commonly estimated between 0.5% and 1%, and VTE is now consi

• About of human primary melanomas

  2022-06-14

  

  About 67% of human primary melanomas and 56% of melanoma metastases display cytoplasmic or nuclear β-catenin accumulation (Xue et al., 2016). Of note, active β-catenin stimulates emergence of metastasizing melanoma in mice harboring BrafV600E or NrasQ61K hyperplasia (Damsky et al., 2011, Delmas et a

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-06-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Type I ECa is associated with estrogen excess, obesity and hormone-receptor positivity. However, the function of ERα on ECa is considered complicated. The expression of ERα is reduced in grade III ECa clinical samples [13]. The high ERα expression is

• The transcription factor Nrf is

  2022-06-13

  

  The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of cytoprotective responses to endogenous and exogenous stresses caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles [6]. Nrf2 promoter polymorphisms are significantly associated with the development of gastric mucosal inflammation, either in

• br Acknowledgments This research was funded by

  2022-06-13

  

  Acknowledgments This research was funded by generous grants from the Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC CBRG grant NMRC/CBRG12Nov114 (BD)). WJC is supported by NMRC Clinician Scientist Investigator award and partly supported by a Singapore Cancer Syndicate Grant, the National Resea

• We previously evaluated the immuno modulatory efficacy of GS

  2022-06-13

  

  We previously evaluated the immuno-modulatory efficacy of GSNO in different EAE models and reported prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of GSNO against the clinical disease of EAE [22], [36]. GSNO inhibited the IL-6-induced STAT3 activation (Tyr705 phosphorylation) by S-nitrosylation of the STAT3

• The lactic acid receptor HCA

  2022-06-13

  

  The lactic bromfenac receptor HCA1 is primarily expressed in white and brown adipocytes 11, 12, 17, 18 (Table 1). Only relatively low expression levels of HCA1 have been described in several other tissues 16, 19, and it is not clear whether this is due to the presence of adipocytes in these tissues

• Several studies have sought a cross relationship

  2022-06-13

  

  Several studies have sought a cross-relationship between commensal bacteria-derived metabolites and the Gprs (Blad et al., 2012). Gpr81 is expressed primarily in adipocytes, and hence, lactate-Gpr81 interaction inhibits lipolysis (Cai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009). Lactate reduced inflammation by

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